A mobile operating system, also called a mobile OS, is an operating system that is specifically designed to run on mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, tablet computers and other handheld devices. The mobile operating system is the software platform on top of which other programs, called application programs, can run on mobile devices.
IEEE
Abbreviation of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pronounced I-triple-E. Founded in 1884 as the AIEE, the IEEE was formed in 1963 when AIEE merged with IRE. IEEE is an organization composed of engineers, scientists, and students. The IEEE is best known for developing standards for the computer and electronics industry. In particular, the IEEE 802 standards for local-area networks are widely followed.
HDLC
Short for High-level Data Link Control, a transmission protocol used at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI seven layer model for data communications. The HDLC protocol embeds information in a data frame that allows devices to control data flow and correct errors. HDLC is an ISO standard developed from the Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) standard proposed by IBM in the 1970's.
For any HDLC communications session, one station is designated primary and the other secondary. A session can use one of the following connection modes, which determine how the primary and secondary stations interact.
The Link Access Procedure-Balanced (LAP-B) and Link Access Procedure D-channel (LAP-D) protocols are subsets of HDLC.
MAC address
Short for Media Access Control address, a hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network. In IEEE 802 networks, the Data Link Control (DLC) layer of the OSI Reference Model is divided into two sub-layers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network medium. Consequently, each different type of network medium requires a different MAC layer.
On networks that do not conform to the IEEE 802 standards but do conform to the OSI Reference Model, the node address is called the Data Link Control (DLC) address.
On networks that do not conform to the IEEE 802 standards but do conform to the OSI Reference Model, the node address is called the Data Link Control (DLC) address.
How to Find a MAC Address
To display your MAC address on a Windows NT/2000/2003/XP/Visa computer:
In the "ipconfig /all" results look for the adapter you want to find the MAC address of. The MAC address is the number located next to "Physical Address" in the list.
What Are Nodes?
(1) In networks, a processing location. A node can be a computer or some other device, such as a printer. Every node has a unique network address, sometimes called a Data Link Control (DLC) address or Media Access Control (MAC) address.
(2) In tree structures, a point where two or more lines meet.
What Is WLAN
Acronym for wireless local-area network. Also referred to as LAWN. A type of local-area network that uses high-frequency radio waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes.
What Is SSID - service set identifier
SSID is short for service set identifier.
SSID is a case sensitive, 32 alphanumeric character unique identifier attached to the header of packets sent over a wireless local-area network (WLAN) that acts as a password when a mobile device tries to connect to the basic service set (BSS) -- a component of the IEEE 802.11 WLAN architecture.
The SSID differentiates one WLAN from another, so all access points and all devices attempting to connect to a specific WLAN must use the same SSID to enable effective roaming. As part of the association process, a wireless client must have the same SSID as the one put in the access point or it will not be permitted to join the BSS.
SSID is considered to be a fairly weak form of security because an SSID can be sniffed in plain text from a packet and most access points broadcast the SSID. Some network administrators turn off SSID broadcasting, but a hacker can still sniff the SSID from frames that stations use when associating with an access point.
An SSID is also referred to as a network name because essentially it is a name that identifies a wireless network.
Learn more about SSID and minimizing WLAN security threats on Wi-Fi Planet.
3 Reasons a Guest Wi-Fi Network Makes Sense
You can’t beat the convenience of a wireless network. In fact, Wi-Fi is so popular and effective that some new small businesses have opted out of a wired network altogether in favor of the fast 802.11n wireless standard.
However, small business owners should also consider creating a Wi-Fi guest network. A guest network uses a different SSID from the wireless network that you and your employees access. It's designed specifically to provide visitors with Internet access while keeping your main Wi-Fi network separate and secure.
We look at three reasons why you may want to consider adding a guest network for your business.
The Benefits of a Guest Wi-Fi Network
1. Improve security and privacy
The primary advantage of deploying a guest network is the increased security it offers. By segregating the network in this manner, you can control who has access to your company's network of computers, servers, storage appliances, printers. This is crucial since sophisticated Trojans and malware can use a visitors’ laptop or mobile device as a launch pad to probe or attack machines on your network.802.11ac Action Plan: A Network-Readiness Checklist
Moreover, setting up a guest wireless network for visiting clients, customers and vendors lets you keep your primary network's security password secret. This is an important consideration given that many small businesses likely rely on a static passphrase for internal users. The alternative is to change the passphrase after each group of visitors—which is not a practical strategy.
2. Increase convenience
While the security of a wireless transmission is primarily related to the type of encryption algorithm used, the length and complexity of the password is another key influencer. As you can imagine, attempting to key in a 25-character passphrase correctly can be an error-prone and frustrating experience.
On the other hand, it is much easier to key in an 8 or 10-character code. Though more susceptible to a brute force attack, the segregated nature of the guest network serves to keep risks to a minimum. For better security, change the passphrase for the guest network regularly, print the latest code on slips of paper, and then hand them out to your authorized guests as needed.
3. Control network usage
A guest Wi-Fi network also lets you limit the Internet resources available to visitors. Instead of allocating guests the same priority in bandwidth, it makes sense to restrict the guest network to a speed that offers reasonable access without affecting the network performance available to your employees.
It is important to note that not all Wi-Fi access points support the capability to deploy more than one network, though this shouldn’t be problem in business-grade Wi-Fi systems.
If your company doesn't have business-grade Wi-Fi and you're not keen on changing your existing Wi-Fi infrastructure, you can consider deploying a parallel network for guests.
Paul Mah covers technology for SMBs for Small Business Computing and for IT Business Edge. He also shares his passion for and knowledge of everything from networking to operating systems as an instructor at Republic Polytechnic in Singapore, and is a contributor to a number of tech sites, including Ars Technica and TechRepublic.
Protect Your Computer: Basics For You
Keep Windows Updated with the Latest Patches
Since Windows 98, Microsoft has provided access to Windows Update. Windows Update scans your system and updates it with the latest security patches and service packs. These are broken down into Critical and Recommended updates.
Get Your 30-Day Free Trial of Beyond Trust's Retina CS Threat Management Console (Retina Insight)
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A new version of Windows Update, Microsoft Update, is also available. In addition to Windows, Microsoft Update will also patch a wide variety of Microsoft applications, such as Office and Windows Defender. Best of all, you can schedule these updates to run automatically, so there is really no excuse for not having a patched system. To access Windows Update click on the Start button, All Programs and scroll through the list to find it.
Keep Your Spyware and AntiVirus Programs Updated
No matter how good your spyware and antivirus software is, if it’s not updated or, worse, not running at all, then it won’t do you any good. Most antivirus applications load an icon in the Windows tray, which lets you verify its status at a glance. Always verify that the application is running after starting Windows.
In addition, these applications should be configured to perform definition updates everyday and complete system scans should take place at least once a week. Should you need a new antivirus scanner, I suggest using Avira Antivir. Not only is it free, but it always performs near to, if not at, the top of most comparison tests. To combat malware, I suggest A-Squared and Malwarebytes' Anti-Malware. Both are critically renowned for their ease of use and effectiveness; and they’re free.
Keep Your Applications and Utilities Patched
Believe it or not, all of the applications and utilities on your system are prone to security risks and need to be updated regularly. Programs that you use everyday like Adobe Acrobat Reader, QuickTime, Realplayer, Skype, WinZip and more require both maintenance and security updates from time to time.
Even applications that run in the background like Flash and Java are at risk. Trying to keep track of each of these individually can be a bit of a handful, but a nifty utility called Secunia PSI makes the job much easier. This free utility tracks a massive number of security exploits in applications and will automatically monitor your PC for susceptible apps. When it finds one, it directs you to a site where you can download and install the needed patches. This program is an invaluable resource for keeping your PC secured.
Remove Unused Applications and Other Junk
Your PC has a lot of non-essential data (e.g., crap) stored on it, much of which you might not even be aware of. For instance, Internet Explorer stores copies of the Web pages you visit, images and media for faster viewing later. Plus there are temporary files, your Internet history, cookies, and more scattered throughout your system.
Plus, when your machine was brand new it came pre-loaded with numerous pieces of trial software. This could be games, security suites, even full blown applications like QuickBooks or Microsoft Office. Many people never install these. Others have, but decided not to purchase them at the end of the trial. Yet they remain on the system, wasting space and bloating the Windows Registry. Over time, this can lead to performance problems, causing Windows to become sluggish and unreliable.
One of the easiest ways to combat this is to use CCleaner, a freeware utility for system optimization, privacy, and cleaning. This tool removes unused files from a hard drive and cleans up online history. But more important, it includes an outstanding registry cleaner. It even has an uninstaller to assists you in removing applications from your system.
Text-Link-Ads – Truly Passive Income for Your Blog ~ by Dan & Jennifer
Don’t sit around waiting for advertisers to come to you. People are out there shopping for link ads RIGHT NOW in marketplaces like Text-Link-Ads. If your site isn’t in that directory, then someone else is going to get paid to put links on THEIR site today.
How to get started with Text-Link-Ads in 5 minutes or less
- Go sign up with Text-Link-Ads right now. It’s a short form.
- There’s no real work to do whatsoever. You just fill out a form, install their small code snippet (or activate the WordPress plugin) on your blog, and your site shows up in their marketplace.
- Then the fun begins… Whenever someone purchases an ad for one of our blogs, we get an automated email to approve the ad. We log in to Text-Link-Ads, look at the new link and it’s ad text, and we approve the ad. Whew… time for a break!
THIS definitely qualifies as passive income – talk about Blog Monetization Zen.
What’s the downside? Any gotchas?
Yes, Text-Link-Ads keeps 50% of the link cost as their fee. That’s a little high, but fact is that’s the cost of being in their catalog of links that advertisers go to IN ORDER TO BUY LINKS.
If your cut isn’t enough for you, raise the price until you feel happy about it. If that 50% still bothers you, then get over it and do something about it. Later on, when you get around to it, you can ALSO offer links to advertisers directly for the same price and keep ALL the profits.
But you should have your site in the Text-Link-Ads marketplace, so that people shopping there will see your blog and buy your links. If you’re not there, those happy link shoppers will buy links on another site.
One mistake many people make is to leave a very low price for links on their blogs. Of course, don’t set it too high… just value yourself appropriately as compared to other advertisers in your niche. Remember – if you don’t see your own value, nobody else will!
How much money can I expect to make?
We consistently make over $500 per month from Text-Link-Ads these days, with very little effort. Other bloggers we know make between $100 and $1,500 per month just from Text-Link-Ads. The higher the Google PageRank and Alexa Rank your blog has, the more advertisers will want to buy space on your blog, and the more money you’ll be making.
This is just like real estate. In fact, think of your blog as Virtual Real Estate. And the more you develop it, the more it will be worth.
This means start early, develop the property, and stay the course!
Go sign up with Text-Link-Ads right now.This is a real no-brainer option for blog monetization.
When you complete the short Text-Link-Ads sign up form, they MAY ask you if you’d like to participate in a cool new “beta” program called “In-Links” or something to that effect. What they don’t tell you is that this new program REPLACES the regular Text-Link-Ads program. Just say NO! Some of our friends have tried it and had all kinds of bizarre problems. Keep it old school, skip that new “beta” plan and do the regular Text-Link-Ads program! And let us know how it works out for you.
credits@http://blogsuccessjournal.com
credits@http://blogsuccessjournal.com
What Are Link Exchanges? by Charles Dovbish
Gaining traffic to your blog or website is essential to selling your products. This is not a secret. However, there are a lot of things that you need to take into account when you are vetting the different methods of bringing this traffic in. Link exchanges are a way for you to get backlinks to your site, but there’s a catch. In order to use a this, you must post a link of the exchange site on your blog or website.
In the early days of the Internet this was a very common way of getting a backlink on the web. Now, this has become a dead practice to experienced webmasters. When you’re scouring the Internet, you will probably see a lot of these exchange sites offering you a backlink. This is a trap that a lot of people fall into. Here are a few reasons why you should not use a link exchange program.
Niche Similarity
Your website or blog is going to cover a niche market. Going after a niche market is the only way that you can compete against large websites that have a bigger authority online. So if you’re using a niche market, a backlink to your site needs to be on another website that is related to your niche. Most focus on advertising. So let’s say that your niche has to do with German shepherds. More than likely, the exchange site is not going to mention German shepherds.
When the Google bots crawl the site they are going to find the keywords “link exchange” or “advertise.” This is bad because now the Google bot is going to think that your site has something to do with exchanges or advertising based on the exchange site’s keywords.
The Link Exchange Site Might Be Banned
Link exchanges are generally considered a black hat practice. This means that they are not in favor with the search engines. If you find a program through a different website, run a PR check on the exchange site. Your links should never appear on a website that is considered “NA” by Google or any other search engine. This means that the exchange site is banned or has fallen into the supplemental search results. Your link on the site will basically mean nothing and could hurt your search engine rankings.
Web Page Space
As mentioned before, this is an exchange. When you sign up for a site, your backlink will appear in their database. However, you will have to put a reciprocal link on your website also. This takes up web space that could be used for affiliate products, Adsense or another page feature like a subscribe button for your RSS feed. Instead of using your ad space to promote something that will make you money, you are going to use it for their’s. This is essentially a waste of ad space for very little return.
It’s A Gamble
Link exchanges are a gamble that you might not see any traffic from. Even if you run a PR check on the site and you see that they have a rating of 5 or more, think about how may other people are using their service. Your link could get lost in the database and leave you with no traffic. You can always remove the reciprocal link from your site after a couple of months if you aren’t seeing any traffic from the exchange, but these are months that could have been spent with affiliate’s on your site.
Better Alternatives
There are a lot of alternatives to exchanges that will help your traffic. RSS feed submission, forum and blog comment posting and social bookmarking are just the start. Having one way links are much better for the Google crawlers. When you’re considering an exchange program, there are exceptions. If it has a high PR rating and an Alexa presence you might consider it. If the site is reputable and is within your niche then you also might take the chance on it. For the most part, using other alternatives if better for your online authority. One-way links from forums and blog comments do not require you to waste ad space.
Blog comment posting can also be lead generation to your blog or website. In short, link exchanges are not the route to go when you are trying to establish your website or blog. Using good content with great, low competition keywords will bring you more traffic in the long run.
Credits@http://blogsuccessjournal.com
Credits@http://blogsuccessjournal.com
Bypass Antivirus Using Easy Crypter - (100 %FUD -2013)
What is a Crypter
Crypter is a software used to hide our viruses, keyloggers or tools from anti viruses so that they are not detected by anti viruses. Thus, a crypter is a program that allow users to crypt the source code of their program to Bypass antivirus detection.
If you are new to crypters then i kindly suggest you to read my previous post "Crypter Software To Bypass Antivirus Detection"
Easy Crypter
Easy Crypter is a safe and convenient program which allows you to encrypt / decrypt the single or multiple files as well as text, such as e-mail. It is used modern modification of the DES algorithm for encryption - one of the best cryptographic algorithms that approved as an official standard in many countries. Easy Crypter is easy to use and does not require any knowledge in the cryptography sphere. The program runs under Windows operating systems.
Features
- Reliable encryption algorithm - TripleDES
- High speed data processing
- Simple and intuitive interface
- The ability of simultaneous encryption / decryption of multiple files
- Separate interface for working with the text.
To Download Easy Crypter, please visit their official website from the following Link
Note: This a public crypter and Hence it will remain FUD for only few weeks , So use this crypter at the earliest.we also recommend you to use Winspy keylogger or Sniper spy Which are FUD Fully undetectable by antivirus
If you have any doubts regarding the post, please let us know them via comments
Credits - Easy Crypter
How you can hack a Facebook/twitter accounts by stealing cookies
In this tutorial i will explain how you can hack a Facebook/twitter accounts by stealing cookies. This method works only when the victims computer is in a LAN (local area network ).Best place to try out this is in schools ,collages ,cafes . where computers are connected in LAN .Before i proceed let me first explain "cookies "
What Are Cookies ? And What Is The Use Of Stealing Cookies ?
Cookies are small files that stored on users computer by websites when a user visits them. The stored Cookies are used by the web server to identify and authenticate the user .For example when a user logins in Facebook a unique string is generated and one copy of it is saved on the server and other is saved on the users browser as Cookies. Both are matched every time the user does any thing in his account
So if we steal the victims cookie and inject them in our browser we will be able to imitate the victims identity to the web server and thus we will be able to login is his account . This is called as Side jacking .The best thing about this is that we need not no the victims id or password all we need is the victims cookie
Hack Facebook / Twitter By Stealing Cookies
Things we need :-
1. Ettercap or Cain and able for ARP poisoning the victim
2. Wire shark for sniffing and stealing cookies
3. Firefox browser and Cookie logger add on for injecting the stolen cookies in our browser
Procedure :-
1. First ARP poison the victim .For this you can refer my previous articles on how to ARP poison the victims computer using Cain and able or Ettercap
2. After ARP poisoning open Wire shark ,click capture button from the menu bar , then select interface .Now select your interface (usually eth0 ) finally click start capture .
3. Now you can see the packets being captured , wait for a while till the victim logs in his account( Facebook /twitter ),
4. Mean while Find the IP address of Facebook ,for this you can open CMD (command prompt ) and enter .Ping Facebook.com to find its IP address
5. Now filter the packets by entering the the IP address (Facebook) in the filter bar and click apply
6. Now Locate HTTP Get /home.php and copy all the cookie names and values in a note pad as shown
7. Now open Firefox and open add and edit cookies ,which we downloaded earlier , add all the cookie values and save them as shown
8. Now open Facebook in a new tab , you will be logged in the victims account .
Voilà ......you have hacked the victims Facebook account by stealing cookies , You can also follow the same steps to hack Twitter accounts
Hope you enjoyed this tutorial , If you have any doubts please feel free to post a comment
What Are Cookies ? And What Is The Use Of Stealing Cookies ?
Cookies are small files that stored on users computer by websites when a user visits them. The stored Cookies are used by the web server to identify and authenticate the user .For example when a user logins in Facebook a unique string is generated and one copy of it is saved on the server and other is saved on the users browser as Cookies. Both are matched every time the user does any thing in his account
So if we steal the victims cookie and inject them in our browser we will be able to imitate the victims identity to the web server and thus we will be able to login is his account . This is called as Side jacking .The best thing about this is that we need not no the victims id or password all we need is the victims cookie
Hack Facebook / Twitter By Stealing Cookies
Things we need :-
1. Ettercap or Cain and able for ARP poisoning the victim
2. Wire shark for sniffing and stealing cookies
3. Firefox browser and Cookie logger add on for injecting the stolen cookies in our browser
Procedure :-
1. First ARP poison the victim .For this you can refer my previous articles on how to ARP poison the victims computer using Cain and able or Ettercap
2. After ARP poisoning open Wire shark ,click capture button from the menu bar , then select interface .Now select your interface (usually eth0 ) finally click start capture .
3. Now you can see the packets being captured , wait for a while till the victim logs in his account( Facebook /twitter ),
4. Mean while Find the IP address of Facebook ,for this you can open CMD (command prompt ) and enter .Ping Facebook.com to find its IP address
5. Now filter the packets by entering the the IP address (Facebook) in the filter bar and click apply
6. Now Locate HTTP Get /home.php and copy all the cookie names and values in a note pad as shown
7. Now open Firefox and open add and edit cookies ,which we downloaded earlier , add all the cookie values and save them as shown
8. Now open Facebook in a new tab , you will be logged in the victims account .
Voilà ......you have hacked the victims Facebook account by stealing cookies , You can also follow the same steps to hack Twitter accounts
Hope you enjoyed this tutorial , If you have any doubts please feel free to post a comment
How To Become Hacker
Most of us are very curious to learn Hacking and want to become a Hacker, but don’t know where to start. If you are in the same situation, then this is the right place for you.
Everyday I get a lot of emails where people ask me – How to Become a Hacker?. In fact this question is not easy to answer because, hacking is not an art that can be mastered overnight. It requires knowledge, skills, creativity, dedication and of course TIME. Everyone can become a Hacker provided they learn it from the basics. So if you wanna become a hacker, then all you need is to fallow the bellow steps
Skills
1. Learn how to program :-
This is the fundamental hacking skill. It means you'll have to learn a programming language.Preferably more than one; you can learn a lot by comparing two languages and look for similarities and differences in the way they handle a situation. But programming is more than writing code.
2. Learn to run an operating system :-
The Hacker community is much Unix/Linux oriented (nowadays). There are several reasons,an important one being that with (open-source) Unixes you get the code as well. You can actually read how the operating system is written, you can get to know it well enough to modify if you want to Unix / Linux is also very
network/internet oriented : learning to understand Unix / Linuxnwill help for the next skill you'll need to acquire. And it comes with free programming tools. (get your hands dirty : Learn Linux Hands-On) :
3. Learn about datacommunication and networks :-
How do computers talk to each other ? Learn the concepts of networking
4.Learn how to use the World Wide Web and write HTML :-
Technically, the internet is just a collection of computer networks. But it has become an important communication medium as well, and can be used for many things. Sharing information is one. You'll need to know how to write HTML to publish on the web. Designing a web site with a good logical structure and a matching directory structure is also an exercise worth doing to sharpen a skill or two.
5. If you don't have functional English, learn it. A lot of information, be it on the web or in books, is only available in English. And apparently English has developed a richer technical vocabulary so that a lot gets lost in translations.
Style
Style matters. Not as much as competence though. In a way, your style is an expression of your personality, and as in any group of kindred spirits, hackers recognize certain personality traits. Apart from intelligence, the ability to learn, concentration, analytical thinking, hackers usually also show signs that they use both hemispheres of the brain, not just the left side, the logical, analytical mind. This ability allows them to dig in to the logic of a problem, then step out of it again to see the bigger picture or try a completely different, unexpected approach, or to intuitively know where to start.
Activities that show you may have this ability, and can help you to improve it, are
o Isaac Asimov
o Kurt Vonnegut. I never thought of Kurt Vonnegut as a science fiction writer, but he seems to fit in here. I like the way he can put together a good story with unique humor, consistently elaborating pleasantly bizarre starting points.
o The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy
Attitude
Hackers solve problems and build things, and they believe in freedom and voluntary mutual help. Hacker Attitude has to do with finding pleasure in solving problems and building things, looking for new problems to solve rather than re-invent the wheel time and time again. Hackers are open-minded, towards the problems they want to solve as well as towards the world in general. Hackers avoid boredom and brain-dead repetitive work (they rather invent a way to automate it instead). Most important : they believe that attitude is no substitute for competence.
To be accepted as a hacker, you
Or, as the following modern Zen poem has it:
to follow the path,
look to the master,
follow the master,
walk with the master,
see through the master,
become the master.
(from How to Become a Hacker by Eric S. Raymond)
Style and Attitude are important, but can never be a substitute for competence. Attitude without competence means your posing. Attitude and style are things you develop in time. Hacker skills require intelligence, and hard work. The 'Library' part of this site is a collection of tutorials and other information that could be useful to acquire some of these skills.
Status
There are hackers and hackers. Some hackers obviously are more well-known than others. Some Hackers' names are pronounced with reverence, also by other hackers. There is something like status in the hacker community
Ethics
With knowledge comes power, and with power comes responsibility.Many books have been written about ethics, many more will be written. I won't add to that discussion. Star Wars said it all : there are hackers, so there is also the temptation of The Dark Side.
Everyday I get a lot of emails where people ask me – How to Become a Hacker?. In fact this question is not easy to answer because, hacking is not an art that can be mastered overnight. It requires knowledge, skills, creativity, dedication and of course TIME. Everyone can become a Hacker provided they learn it from the basics. So if you wanna become a hacker, then all you need is to fallow the bellow steps
Skills
1. Learn how to program :-
This is the fundamental hacking skill. It means you'll have to learn a programming language.Preferably more than one; you can learn a lot by comparing two languages and look for similarities and differences in the way they handle a situation. But programming is more than writing code.
2. Learn to run an operating system :-
The Hacker community is much Unix/Linux oriented (nowadays). There are several reasons,an important one being that with (open-source) Unixes you get the code as well. You can actually read how the operating system is written, you can get to know it well enough to modify if you want to Unix / Linux is also very
network/internet oriented : learning to understand Unix / Linuxnwill help for the next skill you'll need to acquire. And it comes with free programming tools. (get your hands dirty : Learn Linux Hands-On) :
3. Learn about datacommunication and networks :-
How do computers talk to each other ? Learn the concepts of networking
4.Learn how to use the World Wide Web and write HTML :-
Technically, the internet is just a collection of computer networks. But it has become an important communication medium as well, and can be used for many things. Sharing information is one. You'll need to know how to write HTML to publish on the web. Designing a web site with a good logical structure and a matching directory structure is also an exercise worth doing to sharpen a skill or two.
5. If you don't have functional English, learn it. A lot of information, be it on the web or in books, is only available in English. And apparently English has developed a richer technical vocabulary so that a lot gets lost in translations.
Style
Style matters. Not as much as competence though. In a way, your style is an expression of your personality, and as in any group of kindred spirits, hackers recognize certain personality traits. Apart from intelligence, the ability to learn, concentration, analytical thinking, hackers usually also show signs that they use both hemispheres of the brain, not just the left side, the logical, analytical mind. This ability allows them to dig in to the logic of a problem, then step out of it again to see the bigger picture or try a completely different, unexpected approach, or to intuitively know where to start.
Activities that show you may have this ability, and can help you to improve it, are
- Learn to write your native language well. Expressing your thoughts (in writing) helps to organize your thoughts, see relationships, approach a subject from different angles.
- Read science fiction. Among my favorites are
o Isaac Asimov
o Kurt Vonnegut. I never thought of Kurt Vonnegut as a science fiction writer, but he seems to fit in here. I like the way he can put together a good story with unique humor, consistently elaborating pleasantly bizarre starting points.
o The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy
- Study Zen (and/or take up martial arts - the mental discipline seems similar in important ways). You may start by reading Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, by Robert M. Pirsig. Although, in the author's words "it should in no way be associated with that great body of factual information relating to orthodox Zen Buddhist practice. It's not very factual on motorcycles, either", it provides an interesting way of looking at technology, some insight on how the analytical mind works, a few Zen like things, and something about Quality. Quality is good.
- Develop an analytical ear for music. Learn to appreciate peculiar kinds of music. Learn to play some musical instrument well, or how to sing. Discover the mathematics of music, and the beauty in the mathematics. (Read Blues for Nerds as a first introduction)
- Develop your appreciation of puns and wordplay.(Here may be a good starting point.)
Attitude
Hackers solve problems and build things, and they believe in freedom and voluntary mutual help. Hacker Attitude has to do with finding pleasure in solving problems and building things, looking for new problems to solve rather than re-invent the wheel time and time again. Hackers are open-minded, towards the problems they want to solve as well as towards the world in general. Hackers avoid boredom and brain-dead repetitive work (they rather invent a way to automate it instead). Most important : they believe that attitude is no substitute for competence.
To be accepted as a hacker, you
Or, as the following modern Zen poem has it:
to follow the path,
look to the master,
follow the master,
walk with the master,
see through the master,
become the master.
(from How to Become a Hacker by Eric S. Raymond)
Style and Attitude are important, but can never be a substitute for competence. Attitude without competence means your posing. Attitude and style are things you develop in time. Hacker skills require intelligence, and hard work. The 'Library' part of this site is a collection of tutorials and other information that could be useful to acquire some of these skills.
Status
There are hackers and hackers. Some hackers obviously are more well-known than others. Some Hackers' names are pronounced with reverence, also by other hackers. There is something like status in the hacker community
Ethics
With knowledge comes power, and with power comes responsibility.Many books have been written about ethics, many more will be written. I won't add to that discussion. Star Wars said it all : there are hackers, so there is also the temptation of The Dark Side.
Which Programming Language Should I Learn For Hacking ?
Why Programming
So Knowing Programming Will
Which Programming Language to Learn ?
So now that you have understood the importance of knowing programming, The next question in your mind is which programming language should i learn, The answer for this question depends on your interests and goals
For Web App Pentesting /Hacking
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the basics for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser. So if you don't know HTML you should first learn it
JAVAScript
Learning java script. Will help you understand the basics of Cross Site Scripting
PHP/SQL
Majority of web applications are written using PHP and MySQL .So it is a must to learn PHP
For Writing / Understanding Exploits, Shell Codes, Root kits etc
C & C++
More than 60 % of the exploits you will find on the web are written in C & C ++, Learning C & C++ will help you understand about Buffer overflows, Stack overflow etc, So learning C and C ++ is must for every hacker/Pen tester
Assembly
Learning assembly will help you in Writing/understanding Shell codes , Will Help you in Reverse Engineering applications and software's
For Building Tools And Scripts
Python
Python is a very powerful high level language , Its Easy to learn and code, most of the tools and scripts for automation are written in Python . Knowing Python socket programming will help you a lot in Exploit writing
Ruby
Ruby is an another language which is used to write scripts, tools. Metasploit Frame Work is written in Ruby. so learning ruby will help you understand the in and outs of msf
Bash
Learning Bash is very Useful in writing small scripts for automation
Hope this info helps you, If you have any doubts Regarding the article Please let me know them via comments
So the first question many people will ask is why should i learn any programming language when there are so many tools and Frameworks such as MSF (Metasploit framework) to do my job. All i need to know is how the tool works and what is the purpose of it ?. The Answer for the question is both an Yes and No, You can become a Pentester/Hacker without knowing any programming but how ever your not going to become a good pentester /Hacker.
So Knowing Programming Will
- Differentiate you from Script kiddies and Tool Lovers
- Help You in Understanding About Vulnerabilities
- Help You in writing Your own tools, scripts
- Help You in writing exploits, Shell codes etc
- Help You modifying Existing scripts, tools according to your needs
Which Programming Language to Learn ?
For Web App Pentesting /Hacking
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the basics for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser. So if you don't know HTML you should first learn it
JAVAScript
Learning java script. Will help you understand the basics of Cross Site Scripting
PHP/SQL
Majority of web applications are written using PHP and MySQL .So it is a must to learn PHP
For Writing / Understanding Exploits, Shell Codes, Root kits etc
C & C++
More than 60 % of the exploits you will find on the web are written in C & C ++, Learning C & C++ will help you understand about Buffer overflows, Stack overflow etc, So learning C and C ++ is must for every hacker/Pen tester
Assembly
Learning assembly will help you in Writing/understanding Shell codes , Will Help you in Reverse Engineering applications and software's
For Building Tools And Scripts
Python
Python is a very powerful high level language , Its Easy to learn and code, most of the tools and scripts for automation are written in Python . Knowing Python socket programming will help you a lot in Exploit writing
Ruby
Ruby is an another language which is used to write scripts, tools. Metasploit Frame Work is written in Ruby. so learning ruby will help you understand the in and outs of msf
Bash
Learning Bash is very Useful in writing small scripts for automation
Hope this info helps you, If you have any doubts Regarding the article Please let me know them via comments
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